Shaikh Muhammad Baazmool (may Allaah preserve him) said in his book titled ‘Al-Muhkam Wal Mutashaabih Fit Takfeer Wal Jihaad’ page 47:
It is Haraam to make takfeer of a Muslim without a Mukaffirah [i.e. a deed of major disbelief he (or she) has committed] or without establishing the proofs. [1]
Full information here: http://salaficentre.com/2015/06/unravelling-doubts-of-the-takfeeris-rebuttal-of-the-aqeedah-of-isis-and-their-supporters-1/
The First Type: This type is very little and does not lead the (envier) to harm (others)-either by way of (hatred in) his heart, (speech of the) tongue or (deeds of the) hand; rather the person has some envy in his heart but he only deals with his Muslim brother through what Allaah loves.
The Second Type: The envier desires that the blessing (bestowed on the one he envies) should cease. He hates that Allaah should give blessings to His slaves; rather he (desires) that the envied person should remain in that state (of deprivation)…
The Third Type is Al-Ghibtahl: It is when a person wishes to be like another person without desiring that the blessing possessed by that person should cease. The person who has this type of envy is not blamed; rather this is very similar to praiseworthy competition to excel another in good deeds.
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[Source: Badaa’i al-Fawaa-id’ 2/237’ by Imaam Ibnul Qayyim (rahimahullaah); slightly paraphrased and abridged]
Indeed those with a wicked disposition become angry due to severe envy when they see that those who are good to them are in a higher position than them.
It is incumbent on a sensible person to avoid envy in all circumstances, for indeed the most despicable trait of envy is harbouring displeased against Allaah’s decree and wishing to oppose what Allaah (The Exalted) has decided for His slaves. Then the inner self of person is wrapped up in the (desire) to see a Muslim being deprived of a blessing. The soul of the envious person is never at ease nor does his body relax except when he sees his brother being deprived of a blessing.
Mu’aawiyah Bin Abee Sufyaan (radiyallaahu-anhumaa) said: I am able to please all the people (in what is lawful) except the one who harbours envy towards a blessing (bestowed on a person) because he will never be pleased until that blessing ceases.
Say: “I seek refuge with (Allah) the Lord of the daybreak,
مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ
“From the evil of what He has created;
وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ
And from the evil of the darkening (night) as it comes with its darkness; (or the moon as it sets or goes away).
وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ
“And from the evil of the witchcrafts when they blow in the knots,
وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ
“And from the evil of the envier when he envies.
Envy is the most despicable trait. The first deed of disobedience through which Allaah was disobeyed in the heavens was Iblees’s envy towards Aadam and the (first deed of disobedience through which Allaah was disobeyed) in the earth was Qaabil’s envy toward Haabil. [1]
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[1] [Source: Zaadul Maseer’ by Ibn Jawzi (rahimahullaah)]
“Our Lord! Make us not a trial for those who have disbelieved, and forgive us, Our Lord! Verily, You, only You are the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” [60:5]
Mujaahid (rahimahullaah) said: The meaning of it is: Neither punish us at their hands nor through a punishment from yourself, so they say: ‘’Had these (Muslims) been upon the truth they would not have been afflicted with this (punishment).
Az-Zujaaj (rahimahullaah) said: The meaning of it is: Do not give them victory over us, so they think that they are upon truth and we are put to trial by way of that.
And upon Allah is the responsibility to explain the Straight Path but there are ways that turn aside.’’ [16:9]
[وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ- And upon Allah is the responsibility to explain the Straight Path]: Az-Zujaaj (rahimahullaah) said: It is Allaah who will clarify the straight path and call to it with Hujaj (i.e. clear and overwhelming proofs that defeats all the obstinate and stubborn ones) and Burhaan (i.e. proofs that clarify and distinguish between truth and falsehood in everything).
[وَمِنْهَا جَائِر -but there are ways that turn aside]: Ibn Abbaas (radiyallaahu-anhu) said, ‘’They are the different types of desires (i.e. evil desires). Ibnul Mubaarak (rahimahullaah) said, ‘’They are the (evil) desires and the innovations in religion.’’
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[Source: Zaadul Maseer’ by Imaam Ibnul Jawzi (rahimahullaah)]
That home of the Hereafter We assign to those who do not desire exaltedness in the earth or corruption. And the good end is for the Muttaqoon (pious ones) [28:83]
[تِلْكَ الدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ- That home of the hereafter]: Meaning Paradise.
[ نَجْعَلُهَا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ عُلُوًّا فِي الْأَرْضِ –We shall assign to those who do not desire exaltedness upon the earth]: Saeed Ibn Jubair said, ‘’It is (those who do not desire) transgression.’’ Ad-dahhaak said, ‘’It is (those who do not desire) oppression.’’ Yahyah Ibn Sallaam said, ‘’It is (those who do not desire) shirk’’ and Muqaatil said, ‘’It is (those who do not desire to show) haughtiness by rejecting Eemaan.’’
[وَلَا فَسَادًا – or corruption]: Ikrimah said, ‘’It is (those who do not desire) disobedience (to Allaah and His Messenger).’’ Ibn Saa’ib said, ‘’It is (those who do not) call to the worship of other besides Allaah.
[وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِين-And the good end is for the Muttaqoon (pious ones)]. They will have a praiseworthy end.
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[Source: Zaadul Maseer of Imaam Ibnul Jawzi (rahimahullaah); abridged and slightly paraphrased]
